Addresses, looked at on the way in
Someone new to a list is looked at before they are let in — from a form, the API or an import alike. Whoever is already on the list is never judged again.
A form tells the person there and then, while they can still fix it. The API answers
422 with the reason and the suggestion. An import counts the row in error and brings the others in.
The mail server is the judge: a domain that looks mistyped but does receive e-mail is somebody’s domain, and is let in. And when the DNS does not answer at all, nobody is turned away: a resolver’s bad minute is not a reason to lose a subscriber.
Readers who stopped reading
Writing month after month to people who never open is how a domain earns the spam folder for everybody else on the list. In the list’s Settings:days, 30 to 1825
Empty: never. With a number, someone who was sent at least five e-mails over that time and opened or clicked none is left in peace: campaigns no longer go to them.
Apple’s Mail opens e-mails on behalf of its users and hides whether they looked. Such an open wakes nobody — it is no proof of a reader — but nobody is left in peace on it either: it is no proof of an absence. Being wrong that way costs an e-mail; being wrong the other way costs a reader. See About opens.